Disease Causation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Malady Causation - Essay Example The reasons for the condition includes people who smoke, individuals with hypertension, elevated cholesterol body levels and those experiencing diabetes. Hazard factors for building up the condition rely upon the individual’s age, ailment, sexual orientation and their way of life decisions. Most people particularly men simply like Steve are inclined to gaining the condition past the age of 50 years (Lockhart et al., 2012). Other hazard factors for procuring the condition incorporates diabetes, cigarette smoking, overweight and corpulent people, hypertension, high blood cholesterol levels and people who have a background marked by a coronary illness in the family. With respect to the data, Steve is at an incredible danger of gaining the condition. Since he is overweight and carries on with a sedimentary life coming up short on any physical exercise. He is a smoker, he is additionally at a danger of securing diabetes, hypertension or a coronary illness since there is a backgroun d marked by these constant diseases that are hereditary (Fowkes et al., 2013). Additionally, his pulse is high all things considered over the ordinary range. Fowkes, F. G. R., Rudan, D., Rudan, I., Aboyans, V., Denenberg, J. O., McDermott, M. M., ... and Criqui, M. H. (2013). Correlation of worldwide evaluations of commonness and hazard factors for peripheral supply route ailment in 2000 and 2010: a deliberate audit and analysis. The Lancet, 382(9901), 1329-1340. Jauch, E. C., Saver, J. L., Adams Jr, H. P., Bruno, A., Connors, J. J., Demaerschalk, B. M., ... and Yonas, H. (2013). for the benefit of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Rules for the early administration of patients with intense ischemic stroke: a rule for human services experts from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 44(3), 870-947. Lockhart, P. B., Bolger, A. F., Papapanou, P. N., Osinbowale, O., Trevisan, M., Levison, M. E., ... and Baddour, L. M.

High School Fears free essay sample

There were no sharks surrounding me. I wasn’t sticking to an edge several feet over the ground. I wasn’t lost in a dull alley†¦but I was as yet frightened. It was the night prior to the principal day of secondary school and my brain was brimming with stresses: of new individuals. Of harder classes. Of the 2,400 understudies in my school. â€Å"Are you energized for your first day?† my mother inquired. The weight hung over me and I promptly burst into tears. The network shows I viewed celebrated secondary school, causing it to appear the most significant four years of my life. What's more, going from a class of 40 to more than 500 was a considerable progress. I was on edge and not taking care of it well. Be that as it may, my mother embraced and helped me, saying the following day would be incredible. She wasn't right. The main long stretches of school were dismal. I acted agonizingly timid, despite the fact that I’m normally gregarious and laidback. We will compose a custom paper test on Secondary School Fears or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I sat quietly in class, despite the fact that I knew the appropriate responses. I dreaded doing or making statements strange in dread that I would be judged and named for the remainder of secondary school. What's more, that dread grabbed hold of me until I had no voice, and no character. As the tedious schooldays cruised by, I understood I expected to roll out an improvement in the event that I at any point needed to accomplish my ideal secondary school understanding. So I gradually constrained myself out of my customary range of familiarity. I conversed with a renewed individual in class. That wasn’t really awful. At that point I made arrangements with them outside of school. What’s the most terrible that could occur? At that point, b-ball season showed up. Practices occupied a large portion of my time and my group required me. I was at long last calm. After gradually compelling myself to step out of my customary range of familiarity, I became out of my vulnerability. Thinking back, it shocks me how I let my feelings of trepidation control me. I lament the time I squandered becoming to be agreeable in who I am, however I like the individual I became. I might not have the perfect secondary school dream I was seeking after, yet I’m getting a charge out of the present and anticipating the future: to deep rooted companions. To charming classes. Furthermore, to satisfying my motivation throughout everyday life.

Speculative Fiction in Translation Czech Republic

Speculative Fiction in Translation Czech Republic The title of this post probably has you thinking about authors like Karel Capek or Franz Kafka, but what about HanuÅ¡ Seiner or Petra Slováková? Well, thanks to Czech author and translator Julie Novakova, and her anthology Dreams From Beyond: An Anthology of Czech Speculative Fiction (2016), English-language readers can dive into this wonderful, vibrant world and sample stories from several contemporary Czech spec fic authors. Steampunk, military SF, hard SF: youll find these sub-genres and many more in Dreams From Beyond and Czech SF in general. Just recently, Tor.com published the entirety of Seiners Hexagrammaton, a story about buried alien ships and the contact between two civilizations, and hopefully this will lead to even more translated Czech SF. And despite the fact that Anglo-American SF is popular in the Czech Republic, Czech SF authors are gaining attention as well, and the country can boast of several professional sf magazines started in the past two decades: Ikarie (1990â€"2009) and its descendant XB-1 (2009â€"), Nemesis (1994â€"1997), the Czech version of FSF (1992â€"2010), and Pevnost (2002â€"). So next time youre thinking of adding to your swaying TBR pile, consider picking up the following books. Youll thank me. Dreams From Beyond: Anthology of Czech Speculative Fiction, edited by Julie Novakova, various translators (Eurocon, 2016) Author, translator, and editor Julie Novakova brings together some of the best contemporary Czech sf in this wonderful collection. Available through her website (see link above), these stories explore issues of high-tech war, wormholes, alien cultures, and much more. Dreams also includes Novakovas essay on the current Czech sf market and translations into English. This is a great way to find your way in to Czech sf. Aberrant by Marek Å indelka, translated by Nathan Fields (Twisted Spoon Press, 2017) Å indelkas debut novel has been described as a mash-up of many genres: crime story, horror story, ecological revenge fantasy, and Siberian shamanism. Nothing is as it seems: plants act like animals, humans are actually shells for aliens or demons, and post-apocalyptic Prague itself is suffering from devastating floods. Through all of this, three friends must find their way in life and in the world of rare plant smuggling. Unsettling and disturbing, Aberrant blurs the (already fuzzy) line between reality and illusion. The Fifth Dimension  by  Martin Vopenka, translated by Hana Sklenkova (Barbican Press, 2015) I just love that cover. And the story? Well, if you like an adventure story about love, rivalry, black holes, astrophysics, murder, and a strange science experiment in the High Andes, The Fifth Dimension is most certainly for you. The Golden Age by Michal Ajvaz, translated by Andrew Oakland (Dalkey Archive Press, 2010) Part of Dalkey Archives Czech Literature Series, The Golden Age is at once a Gulliver-esque travelogue and a fascinating exploration of reality and/versus the written word. When the protagonist writes about an island he once visited, he describes its inhabitants as seemingly passive observers of their world, even as they all contribute to a Book (central to their culture) that is filled with feuding royal families, sorcerers, and narrow escapes. Like Marek Huberaths Nest of Worlds, The Golden Age is about nested stories that make us think more deeply about how and why we tell stories. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Health and Social Care Level 3 Unit 1 P1 - 1376 Words

Effective Communications in Health and Social Care Within this essay, the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context will be explained. It will also be linked to experiences in work placements for example, may be at a care home for adults with learning disabilities, and physical disabilities. The five contexts which will be researched are; one to one communication, group communication, multi agency working, multi professional working also communication with professionals. The research will prove that all these different contexts have different methods of communicating with the other person, or people. Furthermore the research will also suggest how to get effective communication in the†¦show more content†¦Another interpersonal skill is multi professional working, it is when professionals from different backgrounds have to work together in order to determine and to meet the needs of the people who use the services. The fact that these professionals are all from many diffe rent backgrounds the communication will need to be formal and carefully planned to avoid barriers to understanding. The main method of communication you may use in a multi professional working context, is oral communication, but they may also use written communication for writing formal letters, requests etc. When communicating with professionals there could always be a risk of misunderstanding because the service users and the professional may both be from different language communities; this is why when communicating you must always check that you are being understood correctly, and the other person must always ask them if they understand what is being said. The communication methods that may be used to communicate with health and social care professionals are; oral communication, written communication and technology may also be used. An example of when written communication is used, is when the professionals are recording what a serviceShow MoreRelatedUnit 1 - P1 Health and Social Care Level 34668 Words   |  19 PagesWelcome To Sailson Care Home Contents ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Welcome to Sailson Care Home! At our care home we provide and assist our residents with all the support and care alongside the company and security they need, to help the residents live their lives to the fullest. The Sailson care home is run by the Sailson Charity that specialises in the care of elderly people. It is a friendly and relaxed home set in the country grounds of Everest hills looking over large valleys and the local village. AtRead MoreResearch: Scientific Method and Social Care1464 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title BTEC L3 : Health and social care Year 1 Unit 22: Research Methodology for Health and Social Care Learner name Assessor name Nadia Anderson, Shauna Silvera Date issued Deadline Submitted on September 2013 (Individual issue dates set throughout the year) July 2014 (Individual deadline dates set throughout the year) Assignment title Research Methodology for Health and Social Care In this assessment you will have opportunities to provideRead MoreUnit 8 P1 and M11566 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assignment brief – QCF BTEC Assignment front sheet Qualification Unit number and title Level 3 BTEC National Diploma in Health and Social Care (QCF) Unit 8 – Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social care. Learner name Assessor name Kamila Patrycja Zgadzaj Kwame Attikpoe Date issued Hand in deadline Submitted on 5th December, 2014 15th December, 2014 15/12/14 Assignment title Explain the principal psychological perspectives and assess different psychological approaches to study. InRead MoreBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read Moreunit 5 p1 cell functions Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Regent College BTEC LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA AND EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN HEALTH SOCIAL CARE STUDENT NAME Unit credit value: 5 Grade awarded: Points awarded: UNIT(S) Unit 27 Dealing With Challenging Behaviour SCENARIO You are a nurse who works in a busy AE department in a city hospital. 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Because AE often has difficult and violent patients, your managerRead MoreUnit 21672 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreHealth1271 Words   |  6 PagesDiploma in Health amp; Social Care Level 3 | Unit number and title | Unit 44: Vocational Experience | Hand out Date | w/c 9th September 2013 | Hand in Date | 13th June 2014 | Learner Name | | Assessor name | Adelaide McLaughlin amp; New Lecturer (TBC) | | Assignment title | Vocational Experience | Criteria Assessed | P1 explain the structure and function of a health or social care organisationP2 report on own contributions to a specific team activity relating to health and socialRead MoreHealth Social Care Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesBTEC NATIONAL Subsidiary Diploma Level 3 in Health and Social care UNIT 48 Exploring Personal and Professional Development in Health and Social Care. 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Cultural Dimensions of Brand Equity Formation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2256 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF BRAND EQUITY FORMATION: Research Design and Methodology Research Method Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be undertaken for data collection and data will be analyzed throughout the investigation process. Mixed methods approach is applied when the researcher tends to base knowledge on pragmatic grounds (e.g., consequence oriented research); In this study a mixture of qualitative research via semi-structured in depth interviews will be conducted along with a quantitative research using a Likert scale structured questionnaire Qualitative Research Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow-up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. To extract deeper understandings of what in reality e: commerce managers, marketing managers, brand managers consultants and social media experts think about image branding, its impact on brand equity and e-business, and the role of cultural and marketing factors on brand equity formation The examined population consists of e: commerce managers, marketing managers, brand managers consultants and social media experts related to the Greek insurance market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cultural Dimensions of Brand Equity Formation" essay for you Create order They are specialized in the insurance market dealing with insurance products and services and they have determined opinions related to their experiences. A non-probability sample will be used to facilitate the qualitative research method. Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher (Castillo, 2009). From the examined population a small sample will be selected consisted of 25 experienced professionals, more specific 7 e: commerce managers, 7 brand managers, 3 marketing managers, 3 brand consultants, 3 social media experts and 2 top executives from the insurance market (managing directors). The insurance companies which will participate in the study are: Allianz, Interamerican, Alico, Metro Life, Groupama à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Phoenix, Ethiniki Asfalistiki, Minetta, Generali . These are international insurance companies with rich clientele along with sufficient busi ness activities in the insurance market. . The selected research participants will be contacted through a semi-structured interview that will compose the topic guide for the qualitative research. In order to collect all required data for the research, participants will be asked questions which already have prepared and contained in the topic guide along others which will arise during the interview. Interviewing was chosen for the current project for the following reasons: It provides the opportunity to generate rich data; Language use by participants was considered essential in gaining insight into their perceptions and values; Contextual and relational aspects were seen as significant to understanding othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ percept ions; Data generated can be analyzed in different ways. The medium that will be used to extract data from the participants of the sample will be the topic guide, consisting of questions that are relevant to the examined topic and will enlighten the particular research with unbiased, valid and reliable data- internal consistency and inter-codersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ realibility will be secured (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Participants will be asked about image branding, its impact on brand equity and e-business. Also participants will be asked to clarify and answer the following issues: Understand the effectiveness of branding impact in Greece as far as marketing insurance products in the internet; examine how industry experts react to brands, brand image, brand equity in a culturally diversified markets like Greece in presence of different consumer groups and minorities; examine if e-business can increase the performance of the insurance products and services within different minority consumer groups; identify whether cultural factors such as Long-term orientation, Masculinity, Collectivism, and marketing factors such as brand identity, brand meaning, brand response and brand relationships) will play a role in brand equity formation and development within the culturally diversified Greek Market; examine the level of importance that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"localisingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ brand strategies play in the Greek Insurance market; assess the importance of aforementioned cultural factors and its impact on consumer behaviour as far as purchasing insurance products and services over the internet Coding is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“systematic way of developing and refining interpretations of the dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Taylor and Bogdan, 1984,p.136). The fist step is to use emergent coding after examining interview data we will create appropriate codes that make them relevant to the work (Miles and Huberman, 1994). The second part of this coding process is to review all the field notes, summary sheets, transcripts and other documentation, allocating codes to the various statements and sections of reports. Emergent coding will be used in order the better classification and comprehension of the given answer s. Collected data will be analysed throughout the process of investigation. When coding is completed, the analyst prepares reports via a mix of: summarizing the prevalence of codes, discussing similarities and differences or comparing the relationship between one or more codes. Open-ended data, which usually consists of phrases, sentences and short paragraphs is usually subjected to content analysis and notions of inter-rater reliability are employed (Flick, (1998); Taylor Bogdan (1998); Reis Judd, (2000).Content analysis will follow the coding process. Content analysis method allowed the researcher to make replicable and valid inferences from the interview data and blog content (Kippendorff, 2004). Creswell (2002) points out that the advantage of using content analysis is that the researcher can gain in-depth understating of the language and words of the documents under investigation. Using this analysis we will identify from the transcripts the extracts of data and sort out th e important messages hidden in the mass of each interview. Each interview will be coded by highlighting the relevant word or phrase, and additional comments in the form of codes will be added to the side of the document. Hostli (1968, p608) describes content analysis as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“any technique for making inferences by systematically and objectively identifying special characteristics of a message. Quantitative Research The quantitative research method is aiming in gaining a clear image about the relationship between brand image, its impact on brand equity and e-business, and the role of cultural and marketing factors on brand equity formation by examining consumer judgment and feelings. That is possible by investigating the impression they perceived, for image and equity building process. More specifically, the instrument will focus on the examination of how consumers react to brands, brand image, brand equity in a culturally diversified markets like Greece; examin e if different minority consumer groups can purchase on line insurance products and services from insurance companies; identify cultural factors such as long-term orientation, masculinity, collectivism, and marketing factors such as brand identity, brand meaning, brand response and brand relationships) play a role in brand equity formation and development in the culturally diversified Greek Insurance Market; identify if consumer behaviour of different ethnic groups will be awaken by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"localisedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ nature of brand strategies adopted by the insurance companies; assess the importance of aforementioned cultural factors and its impact on consumer behaviour as far as purchasing insurance products and services over the internet For this study a self administered questionnaire will be distributed to the participants. A population can be defined as including all people or items with the characteristic that needed to be examined. The people comprising the population of the survey are all possible insurance policy recipients who use e: commerce to purchase insurance services. Many customers use e: commerce application in order to purchase insurance services, so they are the certified population to answer what they think and how they form their image concerning insurance products and services, how they interpret brand equity and how they perceive the brand equity formation process, why they use e-business in selecting insurance products, and how cultural and marketing factors influence their purchasing habits. ISample will be selected randomly from the examined population. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The larger your sample size, the lower the likely error in generalizing to the populationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. (Saunders and Lewis and Thornhill, 2009, pg. 210), that is why a sample of approximately 400 participants will be used for the survey. A self-administered group of questions comprising the questionnaire will be distributed to each member of the sample in order to get specific answers that will enlighten the investigated survey. When creating a questionnaire, it should always start with what are the aims and objectives of the study (Altinay and Paraskevas, 2003, p.120-121). To test the content validity of the instrument, 5 people will be selected in order to have a pilot testing. Pilot testing is produced in order to test if each question measures what was supposed to measure, if all words are understood and if all respondents interpret the question in the same way (Taylor, 2008). Bibliography Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity, Free Press, New York Allan, T. (2000). Not much marketing before its time. Brandweek, 41 (18), 46-60. Altinay L. and Paraskevas A., (2008), Planning Research in Hospitality and tourism, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam Barsh, J., Crawford, B., Grosso, C. (2000) How etailing can rise from the ashes. The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 3. (Available online at URL www.mckinseyquarterly.com Beiske B., (2007), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research Methods: Uses and Limitations of questionnaires, interviews and case studiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , GRIN Verlag Castillo J., (Sep 16, 2009). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Convenience Samplingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Retrieved Dec 01, 2013 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/convenience-sampling CM Partners. (1998). The value of a meaningful relationship. Direct Marketing, 61 (6), 18-21 Cobb-Walgren, C.J., Ruble, C.A. Donthu N. (1995) Brand equity, brand preference, and purchase intent. Journal of Advertising, 24, 3, pp. 25à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"40. Creswell J. W., (2003), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approachesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Second Edition, Sage Publications, Chennai, India Dannhaeuser, N. (1987). Marketing systems rural development: A review of consumer goods distribution. Human Organization, 46 (2), 177-85. Davis, S.M. (2000) Brand Asset Management. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Denzin N. K. and Lincoln Y. S., (2005), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  , (3rded.), Sage.Joan, Thousand Oaks, CA DiMingo, E. (1988). The fine art of positioning. Journal of Business Strategy, 9 (March-April), 34-38 Douglas, S.P. Wind, Y. (1987). The myth of globalization. Columbia Journal of World Business, 22 (4), 19-29. Gardner, B.B. Levy, L.J. (1955). The product and the brand. Harvard Business Review, 33 (March-April), 33-39. Haigh, D. (1999) Understanding the Financial Value of Brands. Brussels: European Association of Advertising Agencies. Hostli O. D., (1968), Content Analysis In G. Lindzey E. Aaronson (Eds), The handbook of Social Psychology, Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) Hunt, S.D. Morgan, R.M. (1995) The comparative advantage theory of competition. Journal of Marketing, 59, 2, pp. 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"15. Keller, K.L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57 (January), 1-22. Kotler, P. And Keller, K.L., (2009), Marketing Management, Thirteenth Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc Lemon, K. N., Rust, R. T. Zeithaml, V. A. (2001). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What Drives Customer Equity?,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Marketing Management, 10 (1). 20-25. Leuthesser, L., Kohli, C.S. Harich, K.R. (1995) Brand equity: the halo effect measure. European Journal of Marketing, 29, 4, pp. 57à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"66. Macionis J. J. and Gerber L. M, (2011), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sociologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Seventh Canadian Edition, Pearson, Canada Ogilvy, D. (1963). Confessions of an advertising man. New York: Ballantine Park, C.W. Jaworski, B.J., MacInnis, D.J. (1986). Strategic brand concept-image management. Journal of Marketing, 50 (October), 135-45. Park, C.S. Srinivasan, V. (1994) A survey-based method for measuring and understandingbrand equity and its extendibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 2, pp. 271à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"288. Pelissier R., (2008), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Business Research Made Easyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Juta Co, NY. Porter, M. (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: Free Press, 1980. Preference, and Purchase Intent,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Journal of Advertising, 24 (3). 25-40. Reilly M.D. Wallendorf, M. (1987). A comparison of group differences in food consumption using household refuse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (September), 289-94. Reynolds, T.J., Gutman J. (1984). Advertising as image management. Journal of Advertising Research, 24 (February-March), 27-38. Reynolds, T.J. Phillips, C.B. (2005) In search of true brand equity metrics: all market share ainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t created equally. Journal of Advertising Research, 45, 2, pp. 171à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"186. Saunders M. and Lewis P. and Thornhill A., (2009), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research Methods for Business Studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall, New York Shields P. M. and Rangarajan N., (2013), A Playbook for Research Methods: Integrating Conceptual Frameworks and Project Management, Stillwater, OK: New Forums Press. Note Shields Simon, C.J., Sullivan, M.W. (1993). The measurement and determinants of brand equity: A financial approach. Marketing Science, 12 (Winter), 28-52. Smith, D.C., Park C.W. (1992). The effects of brand extensions on market share and advertising efficiency. Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (August), 296-313. Snieder R. and Larner K., (2009), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Art of Being a Scientist: A Guide for Graduate Srivastava, R. K. Shocker A. D. (1991). Brand Equity: A Perspective on its Meaning and Measurement, Marketing Science Institute, Cambridge Mass.. Society of Actuaries, International News , April 2011-Issue 53 Students and their Mentorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Statistics Canada, October 1998,Statistics Canada Quality Guidelines, 3rd edition, p7 Steinberg, J.I. Klein A.L. (1998). Global branding: Look before you leap. Brandweek, 39 (43), 30-32. Tan, C.T., Farley, J.U. (1987). The impact of cultural patterns on cognition and intention in Singapore. Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (4), 540-44. Taylor E. Powell, (10-08), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Program Development and Evaluationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension Tse, D.K., Wong, J.K., Tan, C.T. (1988). Toward some standardization cross cultural consumption values. In M.J. Houston (Ed.), Advances in consumer research, Vol. 15, pp. 387-95. Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research Van Osselaer, S. M. J. Alba J. W. (2000).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Consumer Learning and Brand Equity,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (1). 1-16. 1988 Palmer.C Using IT for competitive advantage at Thomson Holidays, Long range Planning Vol 21 No.6 p26-29, Institute of Strategic Studies Journal,London- Pergamon Press [now Elsevier.B.V.] December 1988. Mooji MD (2010) Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes (3rdedition) London, Sage Publications. Flick, U. (1998). An introduction to qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA.: SAGE Publications, Inc. Gubrium, J. F. Holstein, J. A. (eds.) (2003). Postmodern interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA.: SAGE Publications, Inc. Reis, H. T. Judd, C. M. (eds.) (2000). Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, S. T. Bogdan, R. (1998). Introduction to qualitative research methods 3rd edition). New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Zooz Free Essays

The case about Lincoln electronic company is an anatomy case which describes management success in operating high efficient company. Over the years, Lincoln could record a steady growth, satisfied thousands of customers, and financed with internally generated funds. 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Zooz or any similar topic only for you Order Now How would you describe Lincoln approach to the organization and motivation of their employee? Lincoln had a lot of results control in the company. The first thing to mention is that the company created a piecework system where the employees were paid for producing more and more. Therefore, there were some workers on the factory floor ho had earned more than 45,000 in a single year. Other employees had the chance to own their own houses and cars and they didn’t have any debt. The company didn’t reward only for productivity, but they also rewarded for high quality, cost reduction, and new ideas. The workers guaranteed their work and every one of them felt like a boss for him/herself. Moreover, the promotion and hiring for a new Job give the current employees the opportunity to get advanced and usually they train the employee for a new Job to be qualified. They only hire new people if the Job needs special skills. Furthermore, the company used the open door policy where the employee problems can be heard and solved. The managers were sharing the workers the same parking and dining room. The company top executive Gorge E. Willis knew at least 500 employees personally which satisfied the workers need to be recognized. 2. What role do you think this approach has played in Lincoln performance over the last 25 years? Have any other factors been more important? In fact, satisfying the workers had played a big role in Lincoln success. No matter of how good the managers are, the work is completed by the workers, it was essential to motivate them to produce more products. As the company succeed in satisfying the employees, as they willing to stay in the company and be more productive. That helped the company to apply their strategy perfectly; produce more for lower cost. 3. What factors will be critical to Lincoln continued success? It is important to Lincoln Company to guarantee the employee loyalty instead of counting on the paying system and giving bounces to them. In anytime that the company couldn’t satisfy the financial needs for the workers, it will be the end for them. They should focus more on other types of rewarding. For example, the most productive employees can have special parking, or quicker promotions. Also the company needs to hire supervisor for the employees. The company had a worker who was able to manipulate the system and use the lunch break to finish some work with on hand while eating the lunch with the other one! Furthermore, there should be some delegation of authorities in the company. He top executive managers are making even the smallest decisions in the company which may cause some obstacles for middle managers to take a quick necessary decision. 4. What recommendations would you make to Mr.. Willis? I believe Mr.. Willis should continue using the open doors policy and maintain the good relations with employees. In the same time he needs to give some authorities to middle managers to make the decisions they nee d to keep the work stream flows. He should also focus more on making the products delivered in the right time and fix the delay in delivery. The company strategy hasn’t changed for a while, and it is important to make some critical changes in the company environment to attract more employees instead of making the company place the employee go to in order to have high wage only. Implementing new technologies that assure reducing the number of workers will be more efficient. Finally, he can’t depend on the employees self observation only, but also needs to have closer eye on them to determine how efficient they are. CASE-8 DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS CORPORATION: 1 . Evaluate both the design of the EDP Performance Bonus Program for Us-based field service engineers (Fees) as it currently exists and the way in which the program is being implemented. What changes would you suggest, if any? Explain The program were based on the Fees performance in six areas: 1- cross training 2- PM completion 3- teamwork factor for MS 4- complete first visit 5- call back rate and 6- administrative functions. The current system is not affective in evaluating the employees because of many reasons. First, the employees have no complete control in some areas. For example, complete service events in the first day are not always possible no matter of how hard the employee tries because of many factors that are not related to the employee abilities. Second, there were some problems raised after implementing the program such as some subsequent visits were not a call back. Therefore, the program readjusted to include some areas as exceptions. Finally, the evaluation is based on subjectively Judgment which can be varying depending on the manager’s perspectives. Some improvement may be implemented to improve the whole program. For instance, as the managers realized that completing services in the first visit is not always possible, they need to count points for every employee who finished his part of the service in the first day. Regardless of the delay was caused by other factors. Another essential improvement is making the evaluation based on objectively Judgment rather than the manager’s opinions. It is important for the employees to know how they exactly evaluated. In that way they can guarantee that the personal problems will not affected their evaluations. Finally, as the system was applied to assure the customers satisfaction, the company should focus more on their opinions of the customers services by hiring an employee to provide them an evaluation form and take it back from them. For the customers who seek assistance via phone, the company can take their opinion after the service was provided by making the customer bush a number to evaluate the employee. 2. Instead of using a results-control system like the Performance Bonus Program could EDP control its Us-based Fees effectively using only action and/or personnel/ cultural controls? If so, what would such a system look like? If not, why not? Explain. I believe that there were plenty of choices the company can use in order to achieve their goal. They can use action control to prevent employee from hiding the customer’s bad evaluation by hiring an employee who’s responsible for giving customers the evaluation forms and take it back from them. With closer supervision on the employee they will tend to perform better. Furthermore, in the case there was nothing about the company’s effort to create a good work environment for the employee! There were not closer relation between the employees and their managers. Even the rewarding program was not big enough to attract the employee’s attentions. There was not anything about giving them promotions or higher salaries for good work. 3. In answering the question posed below, assume the following hypothetical facts: In February, Joe, a EDP FEES, was called to a large laboratory in a small Midwestern US city to perform a repair Job on an Emulate 2000 instrument. Soon after he arrived, he told the laboratory client personnel that he thought he could complete the Job in 2 hours. However, he encountered some significant difficulties and the Job took 2 days. Harvey, the laboratory manager, was quite upset because the laboratory could not afford to have the instrument down for that long in such a heavy workload period. After the Job was completed, Joe invited Harvey out for a â€Å"conciliatory dinner. † After a few rounds of drinks, Joe explained why the repair Job had taken longer than expected. Then he handed Harvey the EDP customer satisfaction survey form and asked him â€Å"to be kind† in completing it. The restaurant bill for the two of them for the evening was $179. 80. Question: How would you analyze the ethics of Joey’s behavior? Joe has no ethics at all! ( I know you will say I am going so far here 0 ) He did not finish his Job in the right time. The Job needed about 2 hours to be done and he took 2 days! He did not only cost the company money and time, but he also fail in satisfy the customer who was upset because of the work delay. Moreover, he invited the customer to â€Å"conciliatory dinner â€Å"and tried to manipulate the customer to get positive evaluation for his lousy work. The company should cover the expenses for this dinner to as a part of travel expense which mean they will pay 179. 80 for unnecessary dinner! How to cite Zooz, Papers

Self Relaince Essay Example For Students

Self Relaince Essay ESSAY II Self-Reliance I read the other day some verses written by an eminent painter which were original and not conventional. The soul always hears an admonition in such lines, let the subject be what it may. The sentiment they instill is of more value than any thought they may contain. To believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men, that is genius. Speak your latent conviction, and it shall be the universal sense; for the inmost in due time becomes the outmost,- and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the Last Judgment. Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each, the highest merit we ascribe to Moses, Plato, and Milton is, that they set at naught books and traditions, and spoke not what men but what they thought. A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the lustre of the firmament of bards and sages. Yet he dismisses without notice his thought, because it is his. In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts: they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty. Great works of art have no more affecting lesson for us than this. They teach us to abide by our spontaneous impression with good-humored inflexibility then most when the whole cry of voices is on the other side. Else, to-morrow a stranger will say with masterly good sense precisely what we have thought and felt all the time, and we shall be forced to take with shame our own opinion from another. There is a time in every mans education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion; that though the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till. The power which resides in him is new in nature, and none but he knows w hat that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has tried. Not for nothing one face, one character, one fact, makes much impression on him, and another none. This sculpture in the memory is not without preestablished harmony. The eye was placed where one ray should fall, that it might testify of that particular ray. We but half express ourselves, and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents. It may be safely trusted as proportionate and of good issues, so it be faithfully imparted, but God will not have his work made manifest by cowards. A man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his work and done his best; but what he has said or done otherwise, shall give him no peace. It is a deliverance which does not deliver. In the attempt his genius deserts him; no muse befriends; no invention, no hope. Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, t he connection of events. Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being. And we are now men, and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner, not cowards fleeing before a revolution, but guides, redeemers, and benefactors, obeying the Almighty effort, and advancing on Chaos and the Dark. What pretty oracles nature yields us on this text, in the face and behaviour of children, babes, and even brutes! That divided and rebel mind, that distrust of a sentiment because our arithmetic has computed the strength and means opposed to our purpose, these have not. Their mind being whole, their eye is as yet unconquered, and when we look in their .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .postImageUrl , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:hover , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:visited , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:active { border:0!important; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:active , .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678 .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec6b02b9ffa02d79d1b5cbc94cb57678:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reproduction: A-Courting to Nature! Essay

Popular Street Artists

During a walk along the streets of most urban centers, one may encounter various artworks displayed on walls. The government does not sanction a sizeable percentage of these artworks. Street art refers to the illegal visual artwork. Street artists usually undertake their work despite the risk of arrest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Popular Street Artists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various street artists have gained worldwide popularity due to their street artworks. Some of the street artists include Alexandre Farto , Christian Guà ©my, Banksy, Shepard Fairey, and Brian Donnelly. Banksy is a controversial street artist whose works are in walls in London, Brighton, and Bristol. Banksy has even exhibited his artworks on the walls of West Bank. Banksy’s real identity is still unknown. However, various sources claim to know his real identity. Banksy has many fans due to his exquisite works of art. Ban ksy has several celebrity fans who include Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie and Christina Aguirela (Joseph para 3). Banksy has satirical artworks that use dark humor to express their message. Banksy began his career as a graffiti artist during the early 1990s. Initially, he was a member of the DryBreadZ Crew (BDZ). During the turn of the millennium, Bansky ventured into stenciling due to the less time that it takes to stencil. The shift to stenciling enabled Banksy to gain popularity in Bristol and London. Most of Banksy’s artworks have anti-establishment messages. He uses police officers, children, soldiers, and the elderly as subjects that enable him to express himself. In 2004, Banksy made a sizeable number of fake  £10 notes that had the portrait of Princess Diana instead of Queen Elizabeth. In an effort to discredit the Bank of England, Banksy satirically replaced the words ‘Bank of England’ with ‘Banksy of England.’ During the Notting Hill Carnival, a certain individual dished out the fake money to the crowd.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The notes fetched  £200 on e-Bay. Banksy uses street art to express his political views. Some of the views may be controversial. Banksy also helps in the development of other artists. He hosts various exhibitions that provide other artists with a platform to exhibit their work. In 2008, he hosted the Cans Festival in London. The festival provided a platform for various graffiti artists to display their skills. This has enabled Banksy to become one of the most famous and influential street artists. Alexandre Farto is one of the most famous Portuguese street artists. He uses the pseudonym Vhils. Vhils has been a street artist since the tender age of 13 years. He started his career by painting on trains. Vhils is a graduate of arts from the University of Arts London. Vhils credits his current popula rity to the platform that Banksy provides other artists to enable them portray their skills. There are artworks of Vhils in Moscow, London, Lisbon, and New York. Alexandre Farto adopted the name Vhils, since he liked spraying the letters (Jones para 3). Vhils started doing street art at the tender age of 13 years. When he was 17 years old, he started having a different picture of walls. Walls told the history of his country. This motivated Vhils to start carving into walls to reflect the changing times. Vhils has various street artworks of everyday heroes (Jones para 6). These artworks are in various countries across the globe. Vhils tries to use street art to chronicle the changing times. Therefore, his artworks help in social development. The Cans Festival provided Vhils with a platform that enabled him to attain his current popularity. During the festival, his work appeared alongside that of Banksy. Since then, Vhils has done several shows on his own.Advertising We will writ e a custom essay sample on Popular Street Artists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vhils has held various shows in Lisbon, Paris, and New York. These shows have enabled Vhils to display his skills. In addition, the shows have enabled him to express his ideas. The shows also fetch Vhils a considerable amount of money. Another famous street artist is Christian Guà ©my. Guà ©my uses the pseudonym C215. C215 is a 38-year-old French street artist who hails from Paris. The countryside background of C215 made him lack any connection to graffiti or stenciling work until he was 15 years old. However, upon doing some graffiti at the young age he became bored with graffiti. He only returned to do graffiti work in his adulthood. The wish to create a souvenir by painting her daughter’s face on the streets was the main factor that motivated C215 to venture into street art. However, his street artworks gained huge popularity prompting him t o become a professional artist. Therefore, C215 did not set out to become a professional artist. He became a street artist by chance. C215 grew outside the street art culture that influences most of the modern street artwork. C215 is opposed to the repetition, overconsumption, hype, and cynicism, which characterize most modern street artwork. C215 uses his artwork to give hope and dignity to the society. In so doing, he uses his artwork to shape a new civilization. Most of the artwork of C215 consists of portraits of people. He uses beggars, homeless, and refugees as some of his subjects. These subjects enable C215 to use art to express himself. These subjects help in refocusing the society on forgotten people. C215 uses artworks in various cities around the world. Some of the cities include Barcelona, Rome, and London. C215 is also involved in other commercial artwork activities.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shepard Fairey is one of the most popular American street artists. Fairey, 43, hails from Charleston, North Carolina. Fairey’s involvement in art started in 1984 when he was 14 years old. The quest to hone his skills motivated Fahey to join the Rhode Island School of Design from where he obtained a degree in Fine Arts in 1988. One of the earliest works of Fairey is ‘Andre the Giant Has a Posse.’ Fairey created this piece of art while he was still studying at the Rhode Island School of Design. Soon after graduation, Fairey ventured into professional artwork by creating a small printing company. The company specialized in silkscreens and artworks on various clothing. This enabled Fairey to develop his art skills. Later on, Fairey helped in the formation of various companies that were involved in professional artwork activities. One of Fairey’s most famous pieces of artwork is the Barrack Obama ‘Hope’ poster. Fairey also has various street artwor ks. However, these artworks have landed him in problems several times. The risks involved in street artwork require artists to do street artwork discreetly. Street artists may face litigation from various parties due to vandalism of their property. This is because street artists work on other people’s property. However, this does not prevent street artists from portraying their artworks in various public places. On February 2009, police arrested Fairey due to his graffiti. Fairey uses street artwork as an avenue that enables him to express his ideas. In addition, Fairey has murals in several countries. Some of the murals are in London and Copenhagen (Bofkin para 1). Brian Donnelly is another popular American street artist. The artist uses the pseudonym KAWS. KAWS hails from Jersey City, New Jersey. KAWS began doing his artwork by doing graffiti in Jersey City. In the 1990s, he relocated to New York City. In New York City, KAWS began his career by subverting the imagery on var ious billboards and advertisements within the city. In so doing, he created attractive pieces of art. These advertisements remained in their reworked form for several months. This increased the popularity of the artist. KAWS has been involved in various commercial artwork activities. During the late 1990s, he designed vinyl toys, which were popular in various countries. The success of the toys prompted him to form partnerships with various companies for the manufacture of clothing. KAWS also designed the bottle of Dos Equis, a Mexican beer. Some of the artworks of KAWS include several acrylic paintings and sculptures. KAWS has remodeled various popular iconic figures. These figures include Mickey Mouse and the Smurfs. The artworks of KAWS have enabled him to use his artwork in mass-produced merchandise. KAWS has produced various artworks that have been commercially successful as mass-produced merchandise. However, KAWS continues to engage in various fine art activities that do not i nvolve mass production. KAWS shows how artists can take advantage of existing commercial opportunities while remaining true to their profession. Works Cited Bofkin, Lee. â€Å"Street artist Shepard Fairey unveils largest mural in the UK.† The Guardian. 2012. Web. Jones, Alice. â€Å"Vhils: The art of urban decay.† The independent, 2012. Web. Joseph, Claudia. â€Å"Graffiti artist Banksy unmasked†¦ as a former public schoolboy from middle-class suburbia.† MailOnline. 2008. Web. This essay on Popular Street Artists was written and submitted by user Grace Stevens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Shakespeare in love Analysis Essays

Shakespeare in love Analysis Essays Shakespeare in love Analysis Paper Shakespeare in love Analysis Paper Essay Topic: Film Twelfth Night In this media assignment, I will be looking at and interpreting the film Shakespeare in Love. Although at first the film looks to be fairly normal, there are subtle things, which generally make it more appealing to us. The director needed to add these subtle things to make the film look and feel realistic, so that the audience would think the film was believable. I am going to write about what these subtle things are, and what their impact is on the audience as well as giving my thoughts on each. With nearly every point I make, you have to consider the film is intending to take us back in time to the 1590s, the time Elizabeth I was the queen. A lot of my points will refer to the time period, because it will be very important to the director to make the film believable. Because Shakespeare is such a famous person, most people who see the film will know he died a long time ago (in 1616 to be precise), which would mean that the audience would expect the film to be set in a different time period to match the time he lived in (that is, unless it has been purposely modernised, which in this case it hasnt). Tied into this, I think the opening sequence was discreetly meant to look old. Something that I noticed was that the opening credits (telling us the cast names etc.) were in black and white. I would associate black and white with the past, because in the earlier years of the 20th century, films used to be in black and white, before colour was introduced later on. This was as well as the font of the writing being in the font that we would associate with old England. Because the director did this, we get the impression that the film is set in the 16th century even before the film has begun. Its important to set the mood for a film in its first scenes, because it would be harder to persuade an audience to enjoy a film if they werent immediately drawn into it. The phrase: you dont get a second first impression suits my point because as with just about anything, most people will presume that all the film will follow the patterns of what we see in its first few minutes. There was only one thing that I thought was wrong with the opening sequence. Nothing else was happening when the opening credits were on, never mind any decent on screen action! Anything that was happening would have given us a taste of what was to come later on. Because there wasnt any action, it felt as if the director didnt care about giving us a taster and therefore didnt care that the only thing we could do during the credits was to get bored. However, I dont think that a good first impression would be good enough for an audience. I think this was why music seemed to be extremely important to the director as well. Not only was it frequently played, the instruments played suited the period Shakespeare in Love was set in. I dont recall hearing anything but string instruments which are associated with classical music. Also, the tempo, pitch, and loudness of the music are all very important. Whenever an important part of the film is on screen, we hear completely different types of music, even though the same instruments are used. For example, when Thomas Kemp was auditioning for the part of Romeo, background music gradually got louder. This was building up to the end of his audition, when the music seemed to explode so that it dominated all the films sound. The pitch also seemed to get higher. These combined create music that feels victorious and happy probably how Shakespeare felt at the time it was happening. It is hard to describe why the music felt this way, but the music seems to uplift our feelings, just as the pitch and volume got higher. I think the on screen action also reflects how we feel, because we can usually see the emotion being portrayed as the music is being played. This was also done in many other places, such as the scene where Shakespeare was running down the street with the first scene in his hand, and also when Thomas Kemp listens to Shakespeare reads a sonnet on stage realising (I think) that she wanted to be the part of Romeo in his play. This type of music was almost certainly used intentionally because of the numerous places it turned up in. Not only was there happy music, but also dramatic music. The tempo increased dramatically, and the pitch of the music was dropped slightly to get this feeling. This wasnt played in as many areas as with the happy music, but was still used quite frequently. The best example of this music was when Shakespeare was chasing Thomas Kemp through the streets, after their audition. However important this is to the director, the camera angles need to be just as good. We saw that on several occasions the level of the camera reflected the class system old England had. We could see this clearly at the very end of the film, when Romeo and Juliet was being performed because the common audience were at the bottom of the stage, whereas the royal box was overlooking the stage and directly above the 3rd class people. This showed us that the higher-class people were in the position that resembled their status higher up. We also saw something similar at the beginning of the film, when Henslowe was being tortured. We saw that the camera was looking up to Fennyman (the torturer), and down at Henslowe. I think this was because Fennyman was the person in control of his peers. This meant that Henslowe was (metaphorically speaking) looking up to Fennyman to try to gain his forgiveness as did the camera whenever Fennyman spoke. The techniques used with the camera were also fairly basic which isnt typical of a film at all! No advanced techniques were used in the film (such as zoom or fading), which I think was a fairly discreet thing to do, yet very effective for the people who notice it. I think the lack of modern techniques used represented the lack of technology that the people had in the 16th century. I really liked the techniques used, because they show us that the director seems to have really tried to make the film believable yet used a variety of different ways. These techniques may appeal to a more observant audience because they will get that little extra for the money they pay, whereas people who are less observant will probably be happy with the on-screen scenery and props; which only make the film look (and not feel) old. However, making the films set look old is still fairly important. This ties in with a previous point I made at the bottom of page one, regarding getting a first impression. If the audience were expecting a realistic film (which in this case they would be), they would not be impressed by a modern looking set in the first few minutes, as they should know that Shakespeare lived hundreds of years ago. The audience would then probably notice more of the modern things put into the film, rather than any old things (visible or otherwise). This would therefore lower peoples opinions of the film, before the main plots have even begun to unfold. Such obvious background features included the use of lighted candles to light an area, instead of electric light bulbs, particularly in pubic buildings. Also, rats were occasionally seen on screen with the most memorable time for me being when the young boy speaking to Shakespeare picked one up by its tail. These are fairly obvious examples, but are only used in the background. One physical feature that stood out were the characters clothes because they were always on screen and also because they were often unusual, making them stand out a lot of the time. However, the clothes didnt vary enough for my liking. Although they suited the time, they seemed to lack originality. The clothes of commoners were often dirty and generally looked old and worn, whereas the higher-class people wore the most bizarre outfits Ive ever seen particularly queen Elizabeth 1st with her top, which seemed to have grown wings! This wasnt enough for me because any director could have made actors in the mise-en-scene wear these types of clothes for an effect, so therefore the directors intentions for clothing lacked originality. Perhaps the director could have advised the clothing department to rip parts of the commoners clothes, and then sew them back together with a different coloured thread, that had no contrast at all, to emphasise how poor these people were. Also, the director could have distinguished Shakespeare to be in a particular class. This is because Shakespeare tended to fall in between class structures as far as his clothing was concerned as his clothes were neither old or worn, denoting a poor person, nor bizarre and extravagant, denoting a rich person. The only thing that impressed me with the clothing was that they usually made the important characters stand out. This was because Shakespeares clothes (among others) were a different colour to most other people. This was particularly effective in scenes where the mise-en-scene was similar to the main action. For example, in scenes where the mise-en-scene involved dancing, the unimportant dancers tended to wear burgundy and brownish colours, which were similar colours to the background, whereas Shakespeare wore a vibrant green shirt and hat. Although there was barely any change in the style of clothes, Shakespeare always stood out of the crowd. This was an excellent idea. This follows my earlier point in saying that the same classes wore similar clothes, which would potentially have been a big problem. This is because if it wasnt for the colour schemes, then there would have been no way Shakespeare could have stood out by wearing almost identical clothes. We can now see that colours may have had more of an effect than some people may think. This is because not only were the colours important in making important characters stand out, but they also discreetly helped the director make the film a love story The colours in the background tended to be shades of red. The colour is associated with love and passion which is probably why it seemed to me as if there was more of the colour red in passionate scenes. For example, in the close up scene of Shakespeare and Lady Viola undressing each other on the bed, the only thing we saw in the background were the closed curtains which were red. The other obvious place to me was in the dancing scenes (as Ive mentioned before). Everyone else who was dancing were mainly wearing red and burgundy colours which may have reflected the passion the people in the background had for their partners, as well as with Shakespeare and Viola. I think the colour use is very ambiguous. On one hand, we have the colour representation (red meaning love and passion, for example), whereas the on the other hand we have the use with making the main characters unique. I personally think that this is a good quality of a film, because it kills two birds with one stone. Then again, I can see why the ambiguity could be a bad thing as people may think that truly great directors could make characters unique, without making them physically different. This would mean ambiguity with the colours wouldnt be needed. On the other hand, colour would be less important to the director, compared with him showing that he could make a realistic film because I people world prefer a film that was to their taste, rather than to the tastes of a 16th century audience (after all, fashions do change with time). Because people back then would expect different things from the entertainment industry, the director would have to modernise the film to an extent, to make it more appealing for our generations, but without ruining the historical background from which it came from, to make the film believable. I have already mentioned about how the director had kept an old theme (e.g. with candles and basic camera-angles); but he had to change some things, such as the language used, so that we could understand what was being said on-screen. This is because people who find it hard to decipher text would find it difficult to translate what was being said into everyday English, never mind do it so that they could keep up with the plot at the same time! This is probably why the only character in the first few scenes that spoke old English frequently, was Shakespeare, who in the film was called Will. This was another way in which the film was modernised by making the name, William, relate to its modern equivalent. Although I say this, the director needs to keep some older English in the film, not only to make the film believable, but to also make Shakespeares sonnets feel in place when recited. We frequently saw Shakespeare recite sonnets, particularly if he and Viola were together. For example, Shakespeare recited the world-famous Oh Romeo, Oh Romeo, where for art thou, Romeo? scene with Viola (NOT Juliet) during the film. This wouldnt have looked in place if the scene were acted out in modern English, because such sonnets are renowned for having old English dialogue in them. For example, we dont recite the Oh Romeo scene in modern English, by saying something upon the lines of: Oi, Romeo, where are you? I think the modernisation was needed to suit a general audience, but I would have welcomed more old spoken English. For viewers in countries outside the UK, the lack of old spoken English makes the film a bad example of how our country used to speak. Alternatively, small details were used to make the film look realistic. Sometimes they were barely noticeable, yet they made a difference. They gave us a little extra information, which allowed the actors and scenery to look realistic. Some of these details included: Lighted candles; the use of a quill and ink instead of a pen, with ink stains surrounding the pots and paper; and the use of swords to fight, instead of guns. However, I saw even smaller details that (if noticed by the audience) would give a decent impact as well. These included: People with dirty fingernails, which shows how dirty Elizabethan England affected the population; the words Bought in Stratford-upon-Avon on Shakespeares cup; and the cock-a-doodle-doo sounds made by chickens, which woke up the town (instead of alarm clocks). These small details were good to include, but I cant help feeling that some were too hard to notice, unless you were looking specifically for them (like I was). I think the director shouldnt have included as many small details, and concentrated more on noticeable areas of the film, such as making the film believable by improving props and scenery, so they look like they were from the Elizabethan times not that they didnt look good enough in the film as we saw it. So my point is, perhaps the director should have cut out these smaller details, and concentrate harder on making more noticeable features, which would probably have made for a better film. The details of the film were accurate despite the plot being fictional. The film is allowing us to watch a possible way in which Romeo and Juliet could have been written but not what actually happened. The plot was constructed to resemble the plot in Romeo and Juliet with their feuding families, two star-crossed lovers, and the struggle they had to keep their relationship going. The plots were so similar we even saw cut scenes between the play being acted out, and the real-life plot developing together; possibly the only advanced technique used in the film. This happened mainly when Viola and Shakespeare were together and were passionate, reciting sonnets from Romeo and Juliet. The other place this happened was at the very end of the film, when Shakespeare was still very upset about Viola leaving the country with her husband-to-be. So much so, he wrote his next play, Twelfth night straight after she went. He made Viola the main character in the play, who ironically dresses up as a man, although this time it was her brother, Sebastian. The idea of having a muse for Shakespeare was a good idea, because it shows that Shakespeare also needs inspiration to write his extraordinary plays which would be uplifting for all budding writers, who hope to be able to write as well as him in the future. The ending didnt only do this, but also resembled the beginning of the play. In both, Shakespeare began to write the plays in completely different ways. At the start, Shakespeare didnt have his muse, but at the end he did and the differences between how he wrote them were huge. I remember that at the start, he was practising writing his signature, and that he also pointed to his head a lot (usually saying that he knew what he was going to write). I think that this was because he didnt know exactly who he was, and what his purpose in life was. He is trying to figure out in his head who he was, yet he wasnt definite enough to write it down and know he was right. The signatures probably show this as well; because they all seemed to be different, possibly portraying all the different people he was; trying to choose which one he wanted to live as. When he had discovered who he was, he wrote Twelfth night straight away showing us that his muse (Viola) was essential to the film. To conclude, I will give my overall opinion of the film. I think the film wasnt impeccable, yet it had all the qualities of a good film. It showed us that we dont have to look at physical details to pick every detail up, yet also gives us a variety of ways we can praise the film for its physical appearance. However, I would like to have seen a better link between the Shakespeare/Viola love story, and the Fennyman/Henslowe money problems to create more conflict. I would also liked to have seen more advanced techniques used even if it resembled the period the film was set in, the camera angles seemed to get repetitive after a while. For example, fading could have been used when flicking from a scene in the acted play, and the real-life goings on away from the theatre. This would have made the links between them more obvious, and it would also have told us when these links were intended to stop happening.

Management for Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management for Organizations - Essay Example Also, the logo of Ron Jon is popular worldwide (Ron Jon website, the History) while the logo of Hilo Hattie is not recognizable at international level. It should be noted that both companies emphasize on the uniqueness and the range of their products, as a competitive advantage towards their competitors. Hilo Hattie is the only retailer in Hawaii that offers to its customers an extremely high range of products. Ron Jon has emphasized on products related only to Surf, aiming to address customers in the specific sector. Specializing on Surf-related products Ron Jon is able to provide to its customers a high range of products of this category. In the websites of the two companies elements can be retrieved in regard to their organizational planning, leading and control. These elements are presented in Table 1 below. Companies/ Element in the website Ron Jon Surf Shop Hilo Hattie Organizational planning In the section ‘Our Company’; employees are highly valued; emphasis is al so given on the firm’s corporate environment In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the key target of the company has been its development into a major centre of vacation shopping. Organizing In the section ‘Our Company’ / subsection: History; the company has developed its own stores but it also highly based on partnerships. In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the company operates exclusively through its own stores. Important information on the company’s daily operations are also included in the section ‘Info’; for example, the return of a product is based on the rules included in the Returns & Exchanges sub-section Staffing In the section ‘Careers’; Employee benefits include ‘Employee discounts and Educational Assistance’ Vacancies are presented through the website’s section ‘Contact Usâ€℠¢ and the sub-section ‘Careers’; no information is provided in regard to the terms of employment in the company’s stores Leading In the section ‘Our Company’; emphasis is given on the store’s founder, Ron DiMenna and his leading style which is followed by the stores’ managers; securing fun for customers is among the priorities of the company’s leading aspect (Reilly, Minnick & Baack 2011, p.3) The only information provided in regard to the company’s leading is included in the section ‘Contact Us’ and the sub-section ‘Management team’ Control The control over the selling process is secured through a series of rules including in the document under the title ‘Routine and Compliance Guide’, as updated in Jan 2013; the Guide is included in the section ‘Our Company’ and the sub-section ‘Vendor Info’ The company’s operations are aligned with a series of rules included in the section ‘Info’; for example, customers’ privacy is secured while the terms of Returns and Exchanges are analytically described in the relevant sub-section Table 1 – Organizational elements in the companies’ websites Question 2 Company Valuation - Dunkin Donuts The company’s distinctive competence is its brand name as the most popular ‘chain of baked goods and coffee’

360-degree feedback Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

360-degree feedback - Case Study Example Downward feedback is the feedback received from direct supervisors and also superiors from other areas. Upward feedback is the feedback received from individuals who are either directly reporting to the person who is receiving the feedback or feedback from other people in the lower hierarchy. The last one is feedback collected from the people at the same level i.e. peers, clients, and/or colleagues. At Landon, the 360-degree feedback is used to get feedback so that employees can work on all developmental areas; however, they are not appraised based on this feedback. Yet, 360-degree feedback is believed to be critical for the organization’s performance. . Ideally, 360-degree feedback is collected to assess the performance of a supervisor or an individual in terms of people management, process and client management. Also, 360-degree feedback helps to understand personality of the individual and perception that peers have on the individual. It would be a good practice if the name s of the feedback providers from downward, upward & from peer groups are not disclosed to the feedback receiver. In the present case, Sam shares the 360-degree feedback report with Alex along with the names of the people who provided the feedback. This is one of the reasons 360-degree feedback is not accepted by people and/or people hesitate to provide an open and honest feedback, especially when the feedback is for someone at higher level. The 360-degree feedback should be explained to everyone so that everyone understands the concept and purpose in the right manner. This can be further improvised if the feedback is backed up with strong data or information. Based on Alex’s notion about .360-degree feedback, it is clear that he is not fully aware of its importance in helping him perform better. Alex is unaware of the impact each feedback plays in helping him grow to higher levels of leadership. Therefore, he should be educated about the significance and purse of 360-degree f eedback before providing feedback collected so that he conditions his approach to receiving the feedback with an open mind. 2. What behaviors by Alex are having the greatest impact on the 360-degree data? Alex’s performance and behavior enticed positive and negative feedback from all groups that provided feedback. Firstly, Alex is recognized as an aggressive performer with high career aspirations. His strong educational background and little work experience that has been so successful have contributed to the aggression and the drive to achieve every milestone. This drive further reinforces Alex’s commitment to work and encourages him to work harder. His efforts to go extra mile is well appreciated and does whatever it takes to achieve his goal. Alex expects the same commitment and efforts from his subordinates as well. Alex’s confidence gained through immense efforts and utmost commitment is very evident based on the feedback received. He is recognized as very i mpulsive because his subordinates feet that he is not good listener. In the sense, he always provides instructions, but does not seek others opinion or ask for their inputs on business-related matters. Moreover, his aggression causes him to react impulsively, which the team members as well as peers feel is overpowering and ill treating. Similar feedback from his peers makes him less approachable; however, his immense knowledge and tactful dealing with business challenges makes him a popular and desired employee. It is evident that Alex Sanders is aspiring for higher roles in the leadership position and greater achievements. The 360-degree feedback from his superiors, subordinates and peers has much

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay Apple is regarded as the most innovative and esteemed company in the world (Fortune 2009). According to Armstrong (2007) and Legge (2009) firms should bring into action a total reward system that puts together both financial and non-financial benefits. This is exactly what Apple has done to date and given its success, this approach has proven to be useful. Apples employees might even be motivated by Steve Jobs autocratic leadership style (Thomke, et al, 2009), as the positive aspects of working for the company outweigh the negative aspects of being threatened. Apple desires to have a workplace that encourages creativity from the top most management to the lower most workers. Apple puts together both outer and inner motivational methods to enable their employees to be innovative. There are various methods that Apple Inc. uses to motivate its workers. Once, the executives of Apple were rewarded by giving the recognition bonus of 3-5% of their basic salary. This recognition took place d espite the fact that Apple recently missed their goal/target for a particular project (ZDNet 2003). This shows that Apple comprehends groups efforts. New Recruit People who get selected to work for one of the most prestigious organization in the world get very excited well before their first day at work. But, Apple makes sure that their first day is highly motivational from the time they step into the office. Apple does this by issuing a memo to every new employee on the very first day explaining them as to how they should see their efforts and contribution at the company. There has been a leak of this memo in the recent past, many people say its not the legitimate one but majority believes it is. It goes something like this: Theres work and theres your lifes work. The kind of work that has your fingerprints all over it. The kind of work that youll never compromise on. That youd sacrifice a weekend for. You can do that kind of work at Apple. People dont come here to play it safe. They come here to swim in the deep end. They want their work to add up to something. Something big, something that couldnt happen anywhere else. Welcome to Apple. Th is really boosts the energy level of the new joiners and gives them high motivation to show off their skills and talent. Benefits Incentives As we all know benefits package depend upon position, location, and years with the company. Same is followed by Apple as well, but they provide plenty of flexibility within the organization for employees and their family. Some of the Incentives that Apple provides are :- Health and Life insurance. Long term care insurance. Employee stock purchase plan. Financial education seminars. Flexible spending accounts. Short and Long-term disability coverage. Tuition assistance. Paid vacations and Holidays. Onsite fitness center. Computer Programs. 401(k) Plan with company match. Apple also motivates all its employees by giving them discount on the products which is very beneficial for most of them. Apple allows them to use this incentive only once every three years, but it could come into very handy when it comes to Mac or IPods. Employees who work at the management or corporate level can receive free IPod shuffle or IPhone. Many employees at Apple are simply motivated to see the outcome of their efforts on a particular product instead of money can sometimes be very encouraging for the employees to learn more and perform better. It also proves to be good for the company as giving product is cheaper than giving them a raise. Due to high sales in the recent past for Apple, they have provided the employees with more vacation days which again add up to the motivational benefits from the managements point of view. While few workers have complained regarding the salary provided, many Apple employees praised the benefits provided to them even if they only worked part-time. At present, Apple provides workers who work 20 or more hours a week with 401k and health benefits. Most jobs are available both for full-time and part-time, besides the managerial positions. Apple takes in many employees on seasonal basis, especially during back-to-school period or Christmas holidays starting from Thanksgiving. Although they are offered these benefits, but many workers say that these plans are costlier than their full-time counterparts. The above clearly indicates that there is difference in benefits and incentives provided to the full-time employee when compared to part-time employees. This is mainly because the amount of work the full-time employee does under such an immense pressure, whereas, part-time employee not necessarily work the entire week because their schedule is changed on every week basis. Other reason could possibly be that part-time workers dont really require the rest of the benefits as they are there only for a limited time period. Job Satisfaction The new CEO of Apple Tim Cook has been leaving his mark in the company very firmly. Recently in Wall Street Journal, it was reported that Cook is expanding the corporate benefits, such as to take some time off and the freedom to work on personal projects. Although Apple still provides fewer perks compared to some other big companies like Google, Microsoft, etc. Cooks approach in the recent past has been the differentiating factor between him and Steve Jobs. When Wall Street Journal interviewed certain Apple engineers last year they had many good things to share or say about Cook rather than Steve Jobs. They gave examples like Cook is willing to eat with the lower level of employees at the cafeteria, much keener to publicly recognize the work done by his employees, him starting charitable matching program at Apple last year. They concluded by saying that he is way more approachable than Steve Jobs was. All this recent activities done by Cook will lead to better job satisfaction than w hat Apple had earlier. Steve Jobs wasnt that much interested in the motivational sector, although he did a lot for the employees during the entire period that he served at Apple as a CEO. But, Cook has shown much more concern and interest towards employee welfare by adopting new techniques and making himself more accessible to the employees. This definitely gives the employees much better satisfaction as they now have growing incentives and making them feel what they do is known to the world through their name. Money as motivator? One of the process theories which are the goal-setting theory applies to the firm, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. Employees within the company are highly motivated to attain task goals, which provide direction to employees in their work. The proper framework management of goals within Apple helps clear out performance expectations in the organization. They provide a base for behavioral self-management, which helps employees to improve their performance and be motivated on their job. Apple applies to the reinforcement theory of motivation because it focuses on the external environment and the consequences it holds for the individual. The organization mostly applies to the positive reinforcement strategy which strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behavior by making a pleasant consequence contingent on it occurrence. Examples of positive reinforcement at Apple include the rewards given by Jobs as mentioned above (opening champagne, vacations, company parties). All employees are motivated to do their best work to accomplish goals because of the rewards they can receive. Incentive compensation system is another method that Apple uses to motivate employees. This includes bonus pay, which provides payments on accomplishing the targets or goals given to specific employee during a particular period. They also have an employee stock ownership plan as mentioned earlier. The performance incentive and ownerships share of ones employment is directly linked to each other. Employees who hold stock of the company are self-motivated to work hard and perform better to raise the market value of the organization. Apple Inc. tries to keep a balance between both financial and non-financial motivators. Although many a times its clearly indicated that Apple uses monetary terms more for the welfare of the employee mainly because, then the employee can use it the way he likes it. The organization also uses non-monetary means to keep their employees pumped up on a frequent basis but Apple obviously prefers to use financial incentive. This could be in wages/salary form, bonus (executives paid 3-5% of their base salary), paid leave, to be able to buy stocks at a cheaper value, different insurance policies, etc. All put in a nutshell, Apple is definitely doing a lot for its employees as present, whether at corporate level or for the workers, be it for full time employees or part time workers. Before people did have complaints regarding the motivation, salary, incentives, bonus, working hours, etc. but as time is passing by Apple is learning the tricks and trade of it and also is making sure that it brings into action the most suitable and the right motivational strategy for its employees to perform better and make sure Apple stays real strong in the market. The backbone for any company is its employees and so is for Apple. After the death of Steve Jobs, people talked within themselves whether Cook will be able to fit in Steve Jobs shoes or not? And all the critics were onto it in a flash. Keeping all this in mind and the fact that many people believed that Apple may see a downfall due to Jobs death, but from the time Cook has taken charge Apple hasnt looked back. In fact Tim Cook has 97% of Approval rating in comparison to Steve Jobs 95% of Approval rating. Here are some of the famous quotes by Steve Jobs: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. Be a yardstick of quality, some people arent used to an environment where excellence is expected. The only way to do a great work is to love what you do. The people, who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.

The Importance of Staff Development in Nursing

The purpose of this paper is to identify the educational need for and selection of an educational program. Specifically this paper will focus on defining the goals and outcomes for the educational program and describe the learning objectives as well as the design model and learner characteristics. The paper will also review the instructional methods to adopt for delivery and provide examples of resources to be used in the classroom. Lastly the paper will review methods for evaluating the learning of the audience. Based on the evaluations conducted during weeks two and three, there is a clear need for an educational program that focuses on communication training and relationship building within the critical care nursing force. Communication and collaboration are among the most essential work skills necessary for success in the healthcare arena. Without adequate communication, errors are likely to result and inefficient delivery of health care services are likely. More and more health care organizations are requiring members of their workforce to collaborate together to deliver patient care and function as a unit (Caspi & Reid, 2002). Thus it is vital that educational programs focus on enhancing incumbents skills in these areas to ensure problem solving, decision making and collaboration are effective and beneficial in the healthcare environment. As Gerber & McGuire (1999) noted it is vital that nurses learn the communications and collaborations skills necessary to enhance communication in the workplace, which will ultimately improve the efficacy of work functions and delivery of service in the health care setting. The educational program will also focus on enhancing nurses technology skills so they are more capable of working in the modern nursing or critical care unit where technological innovations are increasingly being used out of necessity (Zalumas, 1995). In a critical care nursing environment, without communication nurses cannot work efficiently with other critical care providers to ensure the best interests of the patient are carried out. The goals and outcomes of the educational intervention selected include: (1) enhancing communication within the critical care nursing unit (2) promoting greater collaboration among work teams by teaching the importance of relationship building and (3) improving critical care teams working knowledge of technological innovations including their understanding of the contributions technology makes to the nursing work environment. The educational intervention or program designed will work to improve staff members comfort level working in a team environment and encourage members of the team to problem solve together in an efficient and productive manner. Learning Objectives and Design Model For purposes of this curriculum a task oriented or centered design model will be adopted to facilitate learning among critical care nurses. This model offers steps and strategies for teaching incumbents â€Å"how to do† things within the work environment and outlines a series of activities and steps that can occur to enable individuals to attain learning and work objectives (Caspi & Reid, 2002). This model was originally developed to help promote educational supervision, but can be easily modified to accommodate the needs of critical care workers. The model assumes field instruction is vital to the success and ability of students to transfer skills from the classroom to the work environment, part of the reason this model makes sense for critical care workers (Caspi & Reid, 2002). The task orient model contains three distinct phases; the beginning phase where workers first meet and outline their goals and the tasks they will engage in, as well as negotiate â€Å"potential obstacles†; the middle phase and the end phases, where the incumbents review and prioritize goals, select tasks necessary to achieve them, and review the results (Caspi & Reid, 2002). During these latter stages students may adapt their goals and objectives or course of action to facilitate better progress or enhance their outcomes if necessary. The learning objectives for the educational model selected include enhancing students ability to interact and communicate effectively with diverse staff and patient populations, as well as improving students ability to work with technologically advanced programs. The educational program will also work to improve collaboration between work teams and reduce stress and anxiety among workers associated with using technologies that students may not be familiar with initially. Strategies for overcoming barriers to communication and collaboration within the work environment will also be discussed and highlighted as part of the learning objectives for this educational program. Learner characteristics that will be evaluated as part of the educational program are diverse and varied. They include personal characteristics including participants age, gender, experiences and educational goals as well as environmental characteristics. For the educational aims and objectives of this program to be met it is vital the teaching strategies adopted consider each student's learning characteristics individually. As pointed out previously, students in a nursing setting often look to teachers and instructors for direct guidance and support, viewing them as authority figures in an educational context. For this reason a direct learning approach is necessary as is one that promotes self direction among students. This will encourage students not only to adopt the methods and ideals suggested by instructors but also encourage students to rely more on their intrinsic ability to identify the programs and procedures most likely to facilitate higher learning and education in the classroom environment. It is likely that as students become more comfortable with the educational program developed and methods of collaboration proposed by the program, their learning characteristics may change. Thus it will be vital that instructors consider learner development at each stage of the learning process, adapting the educational program as necessary to meet student's evolving needs. The instructional methods adopted should include direct teaching approaches combined with career or work based education that facilitates a more multi dimensional â€Å"educational experiences† more intent on preparing incumbents for â€Å"career success in a full range of occupations† (Ciaccio et al. 2002, p. 300). The instructional model will also include teaching in a community based setting where critical care nurses are encouraged to interact with members of the community and communicate with community leaders and representatives (Lough, 1999). Lough (1999) supports the importance of establishing academic and community partnerships where educational institutions work with academic instructors to help identify gaps in service and help enhance the efficacy of learning programs. A work based education will involve teaching students on the job or providing on the job training. This will require evaluation of student's communication and collaboration building activities in the workplace. To facilitate this, a supervisor will be appointed or mentor that will routinely evaluate a student's communication efforts and technological ability on the job and off. The instructional model adopted will allow in house or classroom teachers to adapt their curriculum based on knowledge gathered from the work environment. Students will also be provided the opportunity to compare experiences they gain on the job with those they gain off the job and fill in the gaps in their education where necessary. No educational program is effective or complete without learner evaluation. Learner evaluation like educational instruction should be multi faceted to be effective and beneficial for all parties participating. At the end of instructional sessions, teachers should evaluate students to assess whether curriculum materials were delivered efficiently and in a manner that achieves the goals and objectives of the program. To achieve learner evaluation, teachers should survey students and ask them to self report on how well they perceive the design of the educational program to be. Students should also provide recommendations for adapting the educational curriculum in the future to better service their needs and help match their needs based on their independent learner characteristics. Learner evaluation will also come in the way of work performance reviews, which will help instructors identify whether students are achieving their goals from a work perspective.